原油儲(chǔ)罐在使用過(guò)程中，進(jìn)行檢修及動(dòng)火維修等施工作業(yè)前，需要將罐內(nèi)的原油及油污清除干凈。以往采用人工清罐的方式，即由施工人員進(jìn)入罐內(nèi)手工進(jìn)行清理。罐內(nèi)作業(yè)環(huán)境惡劣，存在中毒、爆炸等重大安全隱患；并嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞作業(yè)人員身體健康；同時(shí)大量的清於工作及廢棄的於渣，易造成罐區(qū)和周邊地區(qū)環(huán)境污染；人工清罐的施工周期也較長(zhǎng)，影響油庫(kù)的儲(chǔ)存調(diào)節(jié)能力；人工清罐大量的罐底油進(jìn)不了油田儲(chǔ)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)，造成資源浪費(fèi)和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。針對(duì)人工清罐的諸多弊端，我們探索尋求解決方法，于今年與大慶油田儲(chǔ)運(yùn)銷售分公司合作，率先引進(jìn)機(jī)械清罐技術(shù)，并在曙光輸油泵站9＃罐（20000M3）進(jìn)行了機(jī)械清洗作業(yè)施工。
Crude oil tank in the process of use, maintenance and repair operations before the fire, need to clean the tank of crude oil and oil. In the past, artificial tank cleaning is used by the builders into the tank by hand. The tank work environment is bad, there are significant security risks of poisoning and explosion; and seriously damage the health of workers; at the same time a lot of work to clear and waste slag on, environmental pollution caused by farm and the surrounding area; artificial cleaning tank construction period is longer, the impact of oil reservoir storage regulation; artificial cleaning tank a large number of tank bottom oil into the oil storage and transportation system, resulting in a waste of resources and economic losses. In view of the disadvantages of artificial cleaning, we explore and find solutions. First, we introduced the mechanical cleaning technology in cooperation with Daqing oilfield storage and transportation sales branch this year, and carried out mechanical cleaning operation in the 9 tank (20000M3) of Shuguang oil pumping station.
一、原油儲(chǔ)罐機(jī)械清洗技術(shù)的工作原理
The working principle of mechanical cleaning technology for crude oil storage tank
原油儲(chǔ)罐機(jī)械清洗技術(shù)是通過(guò)儲(chǔ)油罐機(jī)械清洗系統(tǒng)（臨時(shí)敷設(shè)的管道將機(jī)械清洗設(shè)備與清洗油罐、清洗油供給油罐及原油回收油罐連接在一起）將被清洗油罐底部具有流動(dòng)性的原油移送至回收油罐中，然后用供給儲(chǔ)罐中的原油經(jīng)加溫、加壓后通過(guò)用設(shè)置在清洗油罐單盤上的清洗機(jī)攪拌，噴射清洗熱油擊碎溶解淤渣，溶解被清洗油罐中的剩余凝固油，經(jīng)過(guò)濾器過(guò)濾后移送至回收油罐中，比較后再用加溫后清水對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)各部位進(jìn)行循環(huán)清洗，比較終清除罐內(nèi)所有油污，以達(dá)到罐內(nèi)檢修及動(dòng)火條件。
Mechanical cleaning technology of oil tank through the oil tank mechanical cleaning system (temporary pipeline laying mechanical cleaning equipment and cleaning tank, cleaning oil supply tank and oil recovery tank connected together) will be cleaning the oil tank bottom is liquidity transferred to the crude oil recovery of oil tank, and then use the supply tank of crude oil by heating, by setting pressure stirring in the washing machine on a single disc cleaning tank, jet cleaning oil break dissolved sludge, dissolved by cleaning the residual oil solidification in the tank, filtered by filter transferred to the recovery tank, and then heated water to various parts of the storage tank for cleaning cycle, eventually remove all oil tank in order to achieve, maintenance and fire conditions inside the tank.
二、原油儲(chǔ)罐機(jī)械清洗技術(shù)施工作業(yè)主要步驟
Two. Main steps in the construction of mechanical cleaning technology for crude oil storage tanks
1、設(shè)備安裝
1. Installation of equipment
按照臨時(shí)敷設(shè)管道圖進(jìn)行設(shè)備及管道的安裝，進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)整體試壓操作，達(dá)到無(wú)泄漏密閉狀態(tài)，同時(shí)安裝電氣系統(tǒng)，氧氣及可燃?xì)怏w檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。
Installation of equipment and piping according to temporary pipe laying diagram is carried out. The whole system is tested and operated to achieve no leakage and closed state. Meanwhile, electrical system, oxygen and flammable gas detection system are installed.
2、油移送
2, oil transfer
通過(guò)系統(tǒng)的移送模塊將被清洗油罐中有流動(dòng)性的原油移送到回收油罐中，以便進(jìn)行清洗作業(yè)。
The flow of crude oil in the tank is transferred to the recycled oil tank through the system transfer module to carry out the cleaning operation.
3、油攪拌
3. Oil mixing
由系統(tǒng)的清洗模塊將供給油罐中的原油經(jīng)加溫、加壓后通過(guò)清洗機(jī)對(duì)被清洗儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)部較難溶解的凝固油進(jìn)行擊碎、溶解，使其具有較好的流動(dòng)性后。
The crude oil in the supply tank is heated and pressurized by the system cleaning module to clean and dissolve the solidified oil which is difficult to dissolve in the cleaning tank by cleaning machine, so that it has good fluidity.
4、同種油清洗
4. Cleaning of the same oil
由清洗系統(tǒng)的清洗模塊將供給油罐中的原油經(jīng)加溫、加壓后通過(guò)清洗機(jī)對(duì)被清洗儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)部各部分的凝固油進(jìn)行溶解，使其分散、具有流動(dòng)性，再通過(guò)移送模塊過(guò)濾后移送到回收油罐中。
The crude oil in the supply tank is heated and pressurized by the cleaning module of the cleaning system, and the solidified oil in each part of the cleaning tank is dissolved by the washing machine, so that it is dispersed and fluidity. Then it is transferred to the recovery oil tank after filtering through the transfer module.
5、溫水清洗
5, warm water cleaning
由系統(tǒng)的清洗模塊對(duì)預(yù)先加入到油水分離槽中的清水進(jìn)行加溫加壓后，通過(guò)清洗機(jī)清洗儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)部各部位，再利用油水分離槽分離溫水清洗循環(huán)過(guò)程中的油水混合物，分離出來(lái)的原油由回收泵送至回收油罐，分離出來(lái)的清水繼續(xù)進(jìn)行溫水清洗循環(huán)作業(yè)，直至達(dá)到清洗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。
To advance into the oil separating tank of water for heating and pressurizing by cleaning module of the system, through the various parts of the internal tank cleaning machine, then use warm water to clean the oil separating tank oil-water separation process mixture separated from crude oil recovery pump to the recovery tank, separated water to warm water cleaning cycle operation, until it reaches the standard of cleaning.
6、安全措施
6. Security measures
在上述施工作業(yè)過(guò)程中，為防止罐內(nèi)產(chǎn)生爆炸環(huán)境，始終向被清洗油罐內(nèi)注入惰性氣體，并且投用氧氣及可燃?xì)怏w檢測(cè)儀，以保證可燃?xì)怏w濃度合格，氧氣濃度控制在8VOL%以下的惰性環(huán)境。
In order to prevent explosive environment in the construction process, inert gas is always injected into the cleaned oil tank, and oxygen and flammable gas detector is used to ensure that the concentration of flammable gas is qualified and the oxygen concentration is controlled below 8VOL%.