化學(xué)品泄漏事故，時(shí)有所聞。如發(fā)生化學(xué)品泄漏時(shí)獲得妥善及及時(shí)的處理，可控制后果的嚴(yán)重性，減輕意外的破壞性;如錯(cuò)誤處理或處理不當(dāng)，不單無(wú)助事態(tài)的控制，甚至?xí)斐筛蟮臑?zāi)害。因此，生產(chǎn)、儲(chǔ)存使用大量化學(xué)品的單位及其他需用大量或多種類(lèi)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的工作場(chǎng)所等，應(yīng)特別重視化學(xué)品泄漏的正確處理。
The accident of chemical leakage was heard. If a chemical leak occurs properly and promptly, it can control the seriousness of the consequences and mitigate the destructive accident. If the mistake is handled or handled unproperly, it will not only help to control the situation, but even lead to greater calamity. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the correct handling of chemical leakage by producing and storing units that use a lot of chemicals and other workplaces that need lots or lots of dangerous chemicals.
一、正確處理化學(xué)品泄漏的要求
1. The requirements for the correct treatment of chemical leakage
有關(guān)工作場(chǎng)所應(yīng)預(yù)先制定處理化學(xué)品泄漏措施，提供清理泄漏所需的物料及個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備，并將它們存放于可讓工作人員方便使用的位置，而工人在接觸、使用或搬運(yùn)化學(xué)品之前，亦應(yīng)有適當(dāng)訓(xùn)練，以了解該化學(xué)品的危害特性、安全要點(diǎn)和緊急應(yīng)變措施。
The workplace should be prescribed treatment chemicals leakage measures, provide cleaning materials and leakage of personal protective equipment required, and store them to allow staff to facilitate the use of the position, and the workers before contact, use or handling of chemicals, and appropriate training, in order to understand the characteristics of chemical hazards, safety tips and emergency measures.
機(jī)構(gòu)要有控制化學(xué)品的事件，首要工作應(yīng)是預(yù)防化學(xué)品泄漏的發(fā)生，這當(dāng)然有賴于一套化學(xué)品安全管理制度，包括安全使用守則和儲(chǔ)存方法等。倘若仍發(fā)生化學(xué)品泄漏事故，有關(guān)工作人員便需要執(zhí)行一套安全及適當(dāng)?shù)幕瘜W(xué)品泄漏應(yīng)變計(jì)劃，以控制事態(tài)的發(fā)展和后果。
Institutions should have chemical control events. The primary task should be to prevent the occurrence of chemical leakage, which depends, of course, on a set of chemical safety management systems, including safety rules and storage methods. If there is still a chemical leakage accident, the staff concerned will need to implement a safety and appropriate chemical leakage contingency plan to control the development and consequences of the situation.
二、制定化學(xué)品泄漏處理應(yīng)變計(jì)劃
Two, formulating the contingency plan for chemical leakage treatment
1應(yīng)先競(jìng)選巡查以確認(rèn)現(xiàn)機(jī)構(gòu)正使用的化學(xué)品種類(lèi)、數(shù)量、盛載容器和存放位置，以便編寫(xiě)一份化學(xué)品清單。危害清單應(yīng)定期更新，避免清單資料與實(shí)際情況有所出入，并放置在發(fā)生泄漏化學(xué)品/災(zāi)害機(jī)會(huì)比較低的地方，以免試過(guò)發(fā)生時(shí)無(wú)法取用。
1 the first campaign inspection should be made to identify the types of chemicals, the quantity, the container and the location of the chemicals being used, in order to prepare a list of chemicals. Hazard list should be updated regularly, avoid the list of data differ from the actual situation, and placed in the leakage of chemical / disaster opportunity lowest place to have occurred when the exemption is not available.
2聯(lián)絡(luò)化學(xué)品制造商/供應(yīng)商收集清單上化學(xué)品的物料安全資料表(英文簡(jiǎn)稱MSDS)。物料安全資料表的內(nèi)容會(huì)載有處理該化學(xué)品的泄漏(小量及大量的泄漏均有)程序，執(zhí)行清理人員所需佩戴的個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備、圍堵外泄物的物料和吸索劑等資料。機(jī)構(gòu)透過(guò)參考這些資料，編訂化學(xué)品泄漏處理應(yīng)變計(jì)劃的反映程序、所需設(shè)施和人手、訓(xùn)練、演習(xí)等事宜。
2 contact chemical manufacturers / suppliers to collect the material safety data sheet on the list of chemicals (MSDS). The contents of the material safety data sheet will contain procedures for dealing with the leakage of chemical products (small quantities and large quantities of leaks), the implementation of personal protective equipment worn by the cleaners, materials for containment of leaks and sucking agents. These institutions through reference data, compile chemical spill contingency plan, reflect the program processing facilities required and staffing, training, exercises and other matters.
3提供合適和足夠的化學(xué)品泄漏處理套件，并放置載適當(dāng)及當(dāng)眼的位置，方便取用。定期檢查，確保他們效能良好以備用。泄漏處理套件一般可包括：
3 provide appropriate and sufficient chemical leakage treatment kits and place appropriate and eye locations for convenience. Check regularly to make sure that they are in good performance to spare. The leak processing suite can generally include:
個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備，如防護(hù)工作服、防護(hù)手套、護(hù)目鏡或面罩和適當(dāng)?shù)暮粑雷o(hù)器;
Personal protective equipment, such as protective clothing, protective gloves, goggles or face masks and appropriate respirators;
圍堵外泄物的物料，如乾沙或其他惰性物料;
Containment leakage of material, such as sand or other inert materials;
吸索泄漏化學(xué)品的物質(zhì)，如乾沙或其他吸索劑;
Blister chemical leakage material, such as sand or other blister agent;
警告標(biāo)識(shí)劑圍欄;
Warning marker enclosure;
清掃工具;
Cleaning tools;
盛載廢料的合適容器;
A suitable container for carrying waste.
凈化程序所需的試劑。
A reagent needed to purify the procedure.
4安排有關(guān)工作人員適當(dāng)訓(xùn)練，令他們懂得化學(xué)品的危害特性，緊急應(yīng)變措施，正確使用泄漏處理套件的方法等。
4 arrange appropriate training for the staff to understand the hazard characteristics of chemicals, emergency measures, and the proper use of the leak treatment kit.
5定期進(jìn)行化學(xué)品泄漏演習(xí)并作出評(píng)估，確保程序在執(zhí)行時(shí)的成效。
5 a chemical leak exercise is conducted on a regular basis and an assessment is made to ensure the effectiveness of the procedure.
6定期檢查化學(xué)品的實(shí)際存量與記錄種的存量有否出現(xiàn)差距，如發(fā)現(xiàn)化學(xué)品不翼而飛，應(yīng)徹底調(diào)查以免化學(xué)品實(shí)際上是存放于其他不適當(dāng)位置，造成危害。去年，沙田某實(shí)驗(yàn)室曾泄漏“苦味酸”;警務(wù)處及消防人員在接報(bào)后到場(chǎng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)泄漏化學(xué)品原理儲(chǔ)藏于一個(gè)生銹的鋼容器內(nèi)，這放映出該容器已被以往好一段日子了。
6, check regularly whether there is a gap between the actual stock of chemicals and the stock of recorded species. If we find that chemicals are missing, we should thoroughly investigate that chemicals are actually stored in other inappropriate locations, causing harm. Last year, a tin laboratory has leak "; picric acid police and firefighters arrived at after receiving the report, the chemicals stored in principle a rusty steel container, the container has been screened out of the past for a long time.
7化學(xué)品泄漏處理應(yīng)變計(jì)劃需文件化和定期作出檢討，而化學(xué)品泄漏處理程序應(yīng)制作單張和告示，派發(fā)給有關(guān)工作人員并張貼于適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫砂l(fā)揮提醒的作用及方便他們查閱。
7, the chemical leakage treatment contingency plan needs to be documented and regularly reviewed. The chemical leakage procedures should make sheets and notices, send them to the appropriate staff and post them in an appropriate place, which can play a reminder role and facilitate their inspection.
三、化學(xué)品泄漏的處理程序
Three. Treatment procedures for chemical leakage
1迅速疏散泄漏現(xiàn)場(chǎng)附件的員工并限制任何人士進(jìn)入泄漏區(qū)域;
1 evacuate the staff of the leakage site quickly and restrict any person into the leakage area.
2在安全情況下確認(rèn)泄漏的是那種化學(xué)品，將事件向上司報(bào)告及通知曾受訓(xùn)練的泄漏事故應(yīng)變?nèi)藛T;如機(jī)構(gòu)沒(méi)有受訓(xùn)練的應(yīng)變?nèi)藛T，又遇上大量泄、火警或需要醫(yī)療輔助等情況，請(qǐng)即致電999緊急熱線;
2 in the safety case confirmed the leak is that chemicals will leak accident report to the supervisor and response personnel event notification by trained; such as personnel training institutions without strain, and encounter a lot of leakage, fire or medical auxiliary, please call 999 emergency hotline;
3如你未能確認(rèn)隨后采取的處理程序，切務(wù)妄自冒險(xiǎn)嘗試清理泄漏化學(xué)品，應(yīng)馬上離開(kāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng);
3 if you failed to confirm the handler and then take the service you cut adventure trying to clean up the leaking chemicals, should leave the scene immediately;
4佩戴個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備，加強(qiáng)對(duì)個(gè)人的保護(hù);
4 wear personal protective equipment and strengthen the protection of individual.
5維持泄漏區(qū)域通風(fēng)良好;
5 the ventilating area is well ventilated.
6摒除所有燃源及該泄漏物的不相容物質(zhì);
6 out of all the fuel source and the leakage of incompatible substances;
7照顧受泄漏化學(xué)品沾染的工作人員。即時(shí)脫下化學(xué)品濺染的衣服，如皮膚化學(xué)品濺及，應(yīng)用清水緩緩的沖洗接觸部位最少十五分鐘;
7 staff who take care of the contaminated chemicals. Immediately take off the splash of chemicals, such as the spatter of the skin chemicals, and at least fifteen minutes with the use of clean water.
8使用泄漏處理套件內(nèi)的圍堵物料來(lái)阻止泄漏物的擴(kuò)散，防止外泄物進(jìn)入排水道或其他會(huì)釋放化學(xué)品到外界的途徑并使用吸索劑或中和劑等來(lái)清理泄漏化學(xué)品;
8, we should use Containment Materials in the leak handling kit to prevent the leakage from spreading, prevent leakage from entering the drainage channel or other ways to release chemicals to the outside world, and use the absorption agent or neutralizer to clean up the leakage chemicals.
9將鏡處理的泄漏化學(xué)品放入適當(dāng)?shù)娜萜鲀?nèi)及蓋封，并貼上適當(dāng)?shù)木鏄?biāo)貼。請(qǐng)緊記：使用吸索劑后，有關(guān)的泄漏化學(xué)品不會(huì)改變其化學(xué)特性，所以需小心處理;
9 the leaking chemicals treated by the mirror are placed in the appropriate container and cover seal and affixed to the appropriate warning label. Please keep in mind: after the use of the absorption agent, the related leakage chemicals will not change their chemical properties, so it is necessary to treat them carefully.
10需遵照有關(guān)法例將化學(xué)廢料棄置。在回收化學(xué)廢料前，宜將容器放置于煙廚或其他適當(dāng)通風(fēng)地區(qū);
10 the chemical waste must be discarded in accordance with the relevant legislation. Before the recycling of chemical waste, containers should be placed in the smoke kitchen or other properly ventilated areas.
11記錄有關(guān)泄漏事故的詳情，以分析肇事的原因，作出改善措施，避免事故再次發(fā)生。
11 record the details of the leakage accident in order to analyze the cause of the accident and make improvement measures to avoid the occurrence of the accident.